Alternative Compensation Systems (ACS)
last updated 2005-02-21
Central Nodes
Primary Literature
General Literature
Operating ACS-like Systems
On Statutory Licenses
On Collecting Societies
Voluntary Pre-Payments
DRM versus ACS
p2p Filesharing
Alternative Business Models
ACS in the Press
ACS on the Lists
Activism Pro ACS
Activism Contra ACS
Upcoming and Past Events
Central Nodes
Primary Literature
(in reverse chronological order)
- Derek Slater, Meg Smith, Derek Bambauer, Urs Gasser, and John Palfrey, Content
and Control: Assessing the Impact of Policy Choices on Potential Online Business
Models in the Music and Film Industries, Digital Media Project, Berkman
Center for Internet Law & Society, Harvard Law School, January 7, 2005
- Kamiel J. Koelman, The Levitation of Copyright: An Economic View of Digital
Home Copying, Levies and DRM, in: Bijdragen
Symposium De Toekomst van het Auteursrecht, 15.10.2004, Amsterdam, p.
39 ff.
- EFF's Let the Music Play
Campaign: a White
Paper: A Better Way Forward: Voluntary Collective Licensing of Music File
Sharing, Making
P2P Pay Artists (a lose collection of various ideas), Making
P2P Legal ("Voluntary Collective Licensing" and Compulsory Licensing),
and a petition to
Congress demanding "the development of a legal alternative that preserves
file-sharing technology while ensuring that artists are fairly compensated."
(February 2004)
- Andrew Orlowski, Why
wireless will end 'piracy' and doom DRM and TCPA - Interview with Jim Griffin,
The Register, 11/02/2004
- Robert P. Merges, Compulsory
Licensing vs. the Three “Golden Oldies.” Property Rights, Contracts, and Markets,
Policy Analysis, No. 508, January 15, 2004
- William W. Fisher III (Professor of Law, Harvard University, Director, Berkman
Center for Internet and Society), Promises
to Keep. Technology, Law, and the Future of Entertainment, forthcoming,
Stanford University Press, 2004. Drafts are available for the Introduction
and for Chapter
6: An Alternative Compensation System.
- Gratz, Joseph, Reform In The Brave Kingdom: Alternative Compensation Systems
for p2p File Sharing, draft, Dec 19. 2003
- Neil W. Netanel: Impose
a Noncommercial Use Levy to Allow Free P2P File-Swapping and Remixing,
17 Harvard Journal of Law & Technology (forthcoming December 2003)
- Jessica D. Litman, Sharing
and Stealing, Draft, November 23, 2003
- Dean Baker (co-director of the Center for Economic and Policy Research),
The Artistic Freedom
Voucher: Internet Age Alternative to Copyrights, November 5, 2003
- Eugene Volokh on
the 'NRA Second Amendment Blues' problem, 9/9/2003
- Ernest Miller, Compulsory
Licensing - What is Noncommercial Use? LawMeme, Yale Law School, September
08 [2003??]
- Stan Liebowitz, Alternative
Copyright Systems: The Problems with a Compulsory License, 31 August 2003
- Stan Liebowitz, Will MP3 downloads Annihilate the Record Industry? The Evidence
so Far. June. School of Management University of Texas at Dallas, 2003
- Kevin Marks, Nationalizing
music, protection rackets and freedom, discussing Jim Griffin and Stephen
Cherry, June 23, 2003
- Steve Gordon (entertainment attorney and consultant based in New York City),
How
Compulsory License For Internet Might Help Music Industry Woes, Entertainment
Law & Finance, May 2003.
- Todd Larson, CommuniCast:
Developing a Community-Programmed Webcasting Service, May 10, 2003
- Peter Eckersley, Virtual
Markets for Virtual Goods: An Alternative Conception of Digital Copyright.
Copyright Through the Looking Glass, Intellectual Property Research Institute
of Australia working paper 02-03, February 2003.
- Derek Slater - More
on Fisher's Compulsory Licensing, 4/21/2003
- Derek Slater, Outline
of William Fisher's Speech at Stanford's CIS on January 13, 2003
- Brad Templeton (was founder and publisher of ClariNet Communications Corp),
Microrefunds
for a Creative Economy (without date, ca. 2003)
- Bennett Lincoff, A
Full, Fair And Feasible Solution To The Dilemma of Online Music Licensing,
New York, New York, November 22, 2002
Comments
on this text
- Raymond Shih Ray Ku, The Creative Destruction of Copyright: Napster and
the New Economics of Digital Technology. The University of Chicago Law Review.
Vol. 69, No. 263, 2002, pp. 263-324
- James Love, Artists
Want to Be Paid: The Blur/Banff Proposal, Power at Play in Digital Art
and Culture, April 11-13, 2002, The New School, New York, NY. (In the spring
of 2003, a small group of lawyers, academics, and musicians met at the Banff
Centre for the Arts to continue a conversation begun the previous fall at
the "Blur Workshop on Power at Play in Digital Art and Culture" concerning
possible ways of compensating artists whose works are downloaded through peer-to-peer
technologies. One of the participants, Jamie Love, subsequently reported the
fruits of their discussions in a document known as the "Blur/Banff Proposal.")
- Raymond Shih Ray Ku, The
Creative Destruction of Copyright: Napster and the New Economics of Digital
Technology, 2 May 2001; forthcoming in University of Chicago Law Review
- Jim Griffin (Founder and CEO Cherry Lane Digital & OneHouse LLC, Los Angeles),
At Impasse:
Technology, Popular Demand, and Today’s Copyright Regime, White paper
for the Senate Judicary Committee, April 2001
- Lawrence Lessig, Just
Compensation. Congress should help artists get paid without delivering the
Internet into the hands of the big labels, The Industry Standard, Apr
09 2001
- "Compensation, in other words, without control."
- William Fisher, Digital
Music: Problems and Possibilities, last revised: October 10, 2000
General Literature
- Nicholas Bentley, Proposal
for a Distributed Intellectual Property
Rights (DIPR) system, 1999-2004
- Jacqueline Lipton, Mixed
Metaphors in Cyberspace: Property in Information and Information Systems,
Loyola University Chicago Law Journal, Vol. 35, pp. 235-274, 2004
- The proposal how to avoid double payment and create a 'competition' between
DRM and levy schemes
Till Kreutzer, Herausforderungen
an das System der Pauschalvergütungen nach den §§ 54, 54a UrhG durch die Umsetzung
der Richtlinie 2001/29/EG, September 2003
s.a. Till Kreutzer, Dr. Till Jaeger und Carsten Schulz, Stellungnahme
des ifrOSS zum Fragebogen des Bundesministeriums der Justiz zur weiteren Reform
des Urheberrechts in der Informationsgesellschaft („2. Korb“), S. 3 ff.,
Hamburg - München, 30. Oktober 2003
s.a. with a nearly identical line of reasoning: Alexander Peukert, in ZUM,
12/2003, Sonderheft zur Auftaktveranstaltung Zweiter Korb
- Bell, Tom W., Authors'
Welfare: Copyright as a Statutory Mechanism for Redistributing Rights,
Brooklyn Law Review, Vol. 69, p. 229, 25 September 2003
- Michele Boldrin and David K. Levine, IER Lawrence Klein Lecture: The
Case Against Intellectual Monopoly, March 28, 2003
- Janko Röttgers, Mix, Burn & R.I.P. Das Ende der Musikindustrie, dpunkt Verlag
2003 Weblog dazu, bes. Links
zu Alternativen
- Future of Music Coalition, Radio
Deregulation: Has It Served Citizens and Musicians?, 2002. This report
is an historical, structural, statistical, and public survey analysis of the
effects of the 1996 Telecommunications Act on musicians and citizens.
- Till Kreutzer, Napster, Gnutella & Co.: Rechtsfragen zu Filesharing-Netzen
aus der Sicht des deutschen Urheberrechts de lege lata und de lege ferenda
- Teil
1 (GRUR 2001, Seite 193 ff.) und Teil
2 (GRUR 2001, Seite 307 ff.)
- Till Kreutzer, Tauschbörsen
wie Napster oder Gnutella verletzen nicht das Urheberrecht, Telepolis
07.02.2001
- Yochai Benkler, Coase's
Penguin, or Linux and the Nature of the Firm, October 2001
- Peter DiCola, The
Economics of Recorded Music: From Free Market to Just Plain Free, Future
of Music Coalition, 07.16.2000
"Recorded music, though a unique phenomenon, will soon have the two main characteristics
of a public good, non-depletability and non-excludability. The free market
mechanism does an extraordinarily poor job in handling public goods."
Operating ACS-like Systems
On Statutory Licenses
On Collecting Societies
- European Parliament Report
on a Community framework for collecting societies for authors’ rights (2002/2274(INI)),
A5-0478/2003, Committee on Legal Affairs and the Internal Market, Rapporteur:
Raina A. Mercedes Echerer, 11 December 2003 (deutsche
Fassung)
- Bernt Hugenholtz, Lucie Guibault & Sjoerd van Geffen, The
Future of Levies in a Digital Environment, Final Report, Institute of
Information Law, University of Amsterdam, March 2003
- Thomas Dreier, Die
Auswirkungen des § 63a UrhG auf die Verteilungspraxis der Verwertungsgesellschaften,
März 2003
- Martin Kretschmer, Digital
Copyright: The End of an Era, European Intellectual Property Review (2003):
pp. 333-341
- Martin Kretschmer, The
Failure of Property Rules in Collective Administration: Rethinking copyright
societies as regulatory instruments, European Intellectual Property Review
(EIPR) Issue 24(3) 2002: 126-137
- Peter Mühlbauer, Urheberrechtsausgleich oder Subventionssteuer?
Teil 1: Wie
die Verwertungsgesellschaften ihre Einnahmen verteilen, Telepolis 9.05.2001
Teil 2: Die
Stichprobe, Telepolis 11.05.2001
- European Court of Justice, joined
cases 110/88, 241/88 and 242/88 against SACEM (13.07.1989)
- CPTech's Page on Collective
Management of Copyrights
- European Copyright
Collection, initiated by Freibank
Voluntary Pre-Payments & Cyber Tipping
- Andreas Neus, Blender
and the Street Performer Protocol: Freak success or first of a trend? A Case
Study of Open Source Economics, October 2002
- Chris Rasch, The
Wall Street Performer Protocol: Using Software Completion To Fund Open Source
Software Development, First Monday, Volume 6, Number 6 — June 4th 2001
- Peter DiCola, The
Online Tip Jar Experiment: Why the Results Could be Underwhelming - Or Even
Harmful - For Artists, Future of Music Coalition, 10.15.2000
- Jeff Coleman, Busking
as a Form of Online Compensation, Future of Music Coalition, 07.31.2000
- John Kelsey and Bruce Schneier, The
Street Performer Protocol and Digital Copyrights, First Monday, Volume
4 Number 6 — June 7th 1999
- John Kelsey and Bruce Schneier, Street
Performer Protocol, The Third USENIX Workshop on Electronic Commerce Proceedings,
USENIX Press, November 1998
DRM versus ACS
- Jörg Reinbothe (Head of the Unit "Copyright and Neighbouring Rights" of
DG Internal Market of the European Commission), "Private
Copying, Levies and DRMs against the Background of the EU Copyright Framework",
held at the Conference on "The Compatibility of DRM and Levies" (Brussels,
8 September 2003, organised by Rightscom Ltd., London
- Tsvi Gal (Chief Information Officer, AOL Time Warner Music Group), Howard
M. Singer (VP Technology, AOL Time Warner Music Group), Laird Popkin (Chief
Technology Officer, TIG Ventures Group), The IP war: apocalypse or revolution?
invited talk at 2003
ACM Workshop on Digital Rights Management, October 27, 2003, Washington
DC, USA (Proceedings)
- Rachna Dhamija and Fredrik Wallenberg, A
Framework for Evaluating Digital Rights Management Proposals, in the proceedings
of the First International Mobile IPR Workshop: Rights Management of Information
Products on the Mobile Internet, August 2003, Helsinki, Finland
- Lionel S. Sobel, DRM
as an Enabler of Business Models: ISPs as Digital Retailers, without date
Comments
on this text
p2p Filesharing
- Michael A. Einhorn and Bill Rosenblatt, Peer-to-Peer
Networking and Digital Rights Management: How Market Tools Can Solve Copyright
Problems, Cato Institute Policy Analysis no. 534, February 17, 2005
- Lior Strahilevitz, Charismatic
Code, Social Norms, and the Emergence of Cooperation on the File-Swapping
Networks,Virginia Law Review, Vol. 89, 2003
- Nicklas Lundblad (Anna Research Institute C/o Stockholm Chamber of Commerce),
Noise
Wars: Is the Answer to the Machine in the Noise?, presented at BILETA
2003, London, 14-15.4 2003. (on legal aspects of noise dillution strategies
in p2p networks)
- stud. iur. Sascha Theißen and stud. iur. Alexander Huber, Rechtliche
Bewertung von Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Film- und Musiktauschbörsen nach dem Urheberrechtsgesetz
und dem neuen Teledienstegesetz unter Berücksichtigung zentraler und dezentraler
Netze wie Gnutella, Napster, eDonkey2000 und Filetopa sowie den kommenden
Änderungen im Urheberrecht aufgrund der EG-Urheberrechtsrichtlinie Seminararbeit
im Rahmen des Blockseminars an der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen zum
gewerblichen Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht, im Sommersemester 2002
Alternative Business Models
ACS in the Press
- Kembrew McLeod, Share
the Music, New York Times, June 25, 2004
- Janko Röttgers, Musikerverbände
wollen Tauschbörsen legalisieren, MP3-world.net, 22. Juni 2004
- Alfred Krüger, Flatrate
für Filesharing? Telepolis, 22.06.2004
- Dawn C. Chmielewski, License
to allow music downloading proposed, Mercury News Feb. 26, 2004
- Andrew Orlowski, Free
legal downloads for $6 a month. DRM free. The artists get paid. We explain
how... , The Register 01/02/2004
- Paul Boutin, An Offer You Can
Refuse. The RIAA's amnesty deal may not keep you from being sued, Slate,
Sept. 8, 2003
"The most obvious method would be the creation of a "blanket compulsory
license" for digital media akin to those already used by radio and TV broadcasters."
- Xeni Jardin, Creative
License. Some analysts are proposing compulsory licenses as the answer to
digital piracy, GRAMMY Magazine - July 25, 2003
Comments
on this text
- William Fisher, A
royalties plan for file sharing, CNET, July 11, 2003
- Steven M. Cherry, Getting
Copyright Right. Mandatory copyright licensing legitimized the early radio
and cable TV industries. Can it do the same for the Internet? IEEE Spectrum
Online, February 2002
Three
Steps to Breaking the Licensing Logjam, Interview with Whitney Broussard,
IEEE Spectrum Online, February 2002
- Jefferson Graham, Kazaa,
Verizon propose to pay artists directly, USA Today, 14.5.2002
ACS on the Lists
Activism Pro ACS
- Downhill Battle Music Activism
- is a non-profit organization working to support participatory culture and
build a fairer music industry. "Our plan is to explain how the majors
really work, develop software to make filesharing stronger, rally public support
for a legal p2p compensation system, and connect independent music scenes
with the free culture movement."
- c't-Umfrage: Kaufmusik
mit DRM -- Geißel oder Chance? (18.-27.2.2005)
- Le
Nouvel Observateur: "Libérez l@ musique!" L'appel pour protester contre
la répression qui touche les adeptes de peer to peer (P2P). Dessous, la liste
des premières personnalités (artistes, politiques, intellectuels...) qui ont
signé le texte. (36,000 people to date). (Telepolis
Artikel darüber)
- FairSharing: Die Kulturflatrate,
German campaign, including a signature collection demanding a public debate
on ACS.
- Chaosradio/98, Thema:
Vergütung im Netz, 1. Dezember 2004 von 22 bis 1 Uhr auf Radio Fritz
- Berlin
Declaration on Collectively Managed Online Rights: Compensation without Control,
to Mr. Jörg Reinbothe Head of Unit Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Internal
Market DG European Commission, in response to the call for comments on the
Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament
and the European Economic and Social Committee on the Management of Copyright
and Related Rights in the Internal Market (COM(2004) 261), signed by international
copyright scholars, practitioners and activists at the WOS3, Berlin, 21 June
2004
- Kompensation
ohne Kontrolle. Stellungnahme zum Zweiten Korb der Novellierung des Urheberrechtsgesetzes,
von privatkopie.net, Forum Informatikerinnen für Frieden und gesellschaftliche
Verantwortung e.V.(FIfF), Netzwerk Neue Medien Chaos Computer Club, FoeBuD
e.V., Attac, AG Wissensallmende und freier Informationsfluss und ODEM -- Online-Demonstrations-Plattform
für Menschen- und Bürgerrechte im digitalen Zeitalter. an Bundesjustizministerin
Brigitte Zypries, Berlin, den 21. Juni 2004
- EFF's Let the Music Play
Campaign: a White
Paper: A Better Way Forward: Voluntary Collective Licensing of Music File
Sharing, and a petition
to Congress demanding "the development of a legal alternative that
preserves file-sharing technology while ensuring that artists are fairly compensated."
(February 2004)
Activism Contra ACS
Upcoming and Past Events
- ACS-Panel at Free
Bitflows, 3-4 June 2004, Vienna
- ACS-Panel at Wizards
of OS 3, 10-12 June 2004, Berlin
- Trans Atlantic Consumer Dialog (TACD), Global
Access to Essential Learning Tools Report, April 5th 2004, New York
There was also broader discussion on, for example, the question of how society
should pay for knowledge when it is a public good and available at zero marginal
cost. Should we buy it as a public good and then distribute it regardless
of ability to pay? How do we compensate people who are producing goods?
Final
Report
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